As was suspected, the 8001050F-error was date-related. On the official Playstation-blog, Sony writes:
"We are aware that the internal clock functionality in the PS3 units other than the slim model, recognised the year 2010 as a leap year. Having the internal clock date change from February 29 to March 1, we have verified that the symptoms are now resolved and that users are able to use their PS3 normally"
"If the time displayed on the XMB is still incorrect, users are able to adjust time settings manually or via the internet. If we have new information, we will update you through the PlayStation.Blog or PlayStation.com."
They also added a heartfelt apology:
"We apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused."